Temple of Artemis was located at Ephesus (in present-day Turkey).

The first shrine to Artemis was distroed and rebuild several times. Chersiphron was engaged to build a new large temple. It didn't last either. King Croesus of Lydia conquered Ephesus and the other Greek cities of Asia Minor. During the fighting, the temple was destroyed. He provided him generose and ordered to build a new temple.

Architect Theodorus. build the 300 feet long and 150 feet wide temple. Four times in size that of previous one. Roof was supported by  more than hundrid stone columns.

The new temple was the pride of Ephesus until 356 B.C. Herostratus, young Ephesian, had only one ambition - to write his name in history. To fullfill this ambition he destroed the Temple of Arthemis. He burned the great temple to ground. The citizens was very angry and disgusted by his fullish act, they issued a decree that everybody who spoke to Herostratus was put to death. Very wise - I think.